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IPC Sections

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law.

The Indian Penal Code, 1860. IPC Sections Pdf


Section 107: Abetment of a thing. A person abets the doing of a thing, who First.Instigates any person to do that thing; or Secondly.Engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing; or Thirdly.Intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing. Explanation 1.A person who, by wilful misrepresentation, or by wilful concealment of a material fact which he is bound to disclose, voluntarily causes or procures, or attempts to cause or procure, a thing to be done, is said to instigate the doing of that thing. Illustration A, a public officer, is authorised by a warrant from a Court of Justice to apprehend Z, B, knowing that fact and also that C is not Z, wilfully represents to A that C is Z, and thereby intentionally causes A to apprehend C. Here B abets by instigation the apprehension of C. Explanation 2.Whoever, either prior to or at the time of the commission of an act, does anything in order to facilitate the commission of that act, and thereby facilitates the commission thereof, is said to aid the doing of that act. Punishment: same punishment which is there for the offence.
Section 120A: Definition of criminal conspiracy. When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done, (1) an illegal act, or (2) an act which is not illegal by illegal means, such an agreement is designated a criminal conspiracy: Provided that no agreement except an agreement to commit an offence shall amount to a criminal conspiracy unless some act besides the agreement is done by one or more parties to such agreement in pursuance thereof. Explanation:It is immaterial whether the illegal act is the ultimate object of such agreement, or is merely incidental to that object.] Punishment : Part-I: same as abetment of the offence, Part-II: 6 months.
Section 121: Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India. Whoever wages war against the 1[Government of India], or attempts to wage such war, or abets the waging of such war, shall be punished with death, or 2[imprisonment for life] 3[and shall also be liable to fine]. 4[Illustrationic] 5***A joins an insurrection against the 1[Government of India]. A has committed the offence defined in this section. Punishment: life or death.
Section 121A: Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121 Whoever within or without 8[India] conspires to commit any of the offences punishable by section 121, 9* or conspires to overawe,by means of criminal force or the show of criminal force, 10[the Central Government or any 11[State] Government 12*], shall be punished with 13[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description which may extend to ten years, 14[and shall also be liable to fine] Explanation: To constitute a conspiracy under this section, it is not necessary that any act or illegal omission shall take place in pursuance thereof.] Punishment: Life or 10 years.
Section 122: Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India. Whoever collects men, arms or ammunition or otherwise prepares to wage war with the intention of either waging or being prepared to wage war against the 1[Government of India], shall be punished with 2[imprisonment for life] or imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding ten years, 3[and shall also be liable to fine]. 1. Subs. by the A. O. 1950, for "Queen". 2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., "for transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). 3. Subs. by Act 16 of 1921, s. 2, for "and shall forfeit all his property". Punishment: Life or 10 years.
Section 123: Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war. Whoever by any act, or by any illegal omission, conceals the existence of a design to wage war against the 1 [Government of India], intending by such concealment to facilitate, or knowing it to be likely that such concealment will facilitate, the waging of such war, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: Life or 10 years.
Section 124A: Sedition. Whoever by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, 11*the Government established by law in 12[India], 13*shall be punished with 14[imprisonment for life], to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine. Explanation 1.The expression "disaffection" includes disloyalty and all feelings of enmity. Explanation 2.Comments expressing disapprobation of the measures of the Government with a view to obtain their alteration by lawful means, without exciting or attempting to excite hatred, contempt or disaffection, do not constitute an offence under this section. Explanation 3.Comments expressing disapprobation of the administrative or other action of the Government without exciting or attempting to excite hatred, contempt or disaffection, do not constitute an offence under this section.] Punishment: Life or 3 years.
Section 141: Unlawful assembly. An assembly of five or more persons is designated an "unlawful assembly", if the common object of the persons composing that assembly is First.To overawe by criminal force, or show of criminal force, 1[the Central or any State Government or Parliament or the Legislature of any State], or any public servant in the exercise of the lawful power of such public servant; or Second.To resist the execution of any law, or of any legal process; or Third.To commit any mischief or criminal trespass, or other offence; or Fourth.By means of criminal force, or show of criminal force, to any person, to take or obtain possession of any property, or to deprive any person of the enjoyment of a right of way, or of the use of water or other incorporeal right of which he is in possession or enjoyment, or to enforce any right or supposed right; or Fifth.By means of criminal force, or show of criminal force, to compel any person to do what he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do what he is legally entitled to do. Explanation.An assembly which was not unlawful when it assembled, may subsequently become an unlawful assembly. Punishment: 6 months(sec-143).
Section 146: Rioting. Whenever force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly, or by any member thereof, in prosecution of the common object of such assembly, every member of such assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting. Punishment: 2 years (sec-147).
Section 148: Rioting, armed with deadly weapon. Whoever is guilty of rioting, being armed with a deadly weapon or with anything which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: 3 years.
Section 159: Affray. When two or more persons, by fighting in a public place, disturb the public peace, they are said to "commit an affray". Punishment: One month or 100/- or both. (sec-160)
Section 191: Giving false evidence. Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to state the truth, or being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, is said to give false evidence. Explanation1.A statement is within the meaning of this section, whether it is made verbally or otherwise. Explanation 2.A false statement as to the belief of the person attesting is within the meaning of this section, and a person may be guilty of giving false evidence by stating that he believes a thing which he does not believe, as well as by stating that he knows a thing which he does not know. Illustrations (a) A, in support of a just claim which B has against Z for one thousand rupees, falsely swears on a trial that he heard Z admit the justice of B's claim. A has given false evidence. (b) A, being bound by an oath to state the truth, states that he believes a certain signature to be the handwriting of Z, when he does not believe it to be the handwriting of Z. Here A states that which he knows to be false, and therefore gives false evidence. (c) A, knowing the general character of Z's handwriting, states that he believes a certain signature to be the handwriting of Z; A in good faith believing it to be so. Here A's statement is merely as to his belief, and is true as to his belief, and therefore, although the signature may not be the handwriting of Z, A has not given false evidence. (d) A, being bound by an oath to state the truth, states that he knows that Z was at a particular place on a particular day, not knowing anything upon the subject. A gives false evidence whether Z was at that place on the day named or not. (e) A, an interpreter or translator, gives or certifies as a true interpretation or translation of a statement or document which he is bound by oath to interpret or translate truly, that which is not and which he does not believe to be a true interpretation or translation. A has given false evidence. Punishment: Part-I: 7 years, Part-II: 3 years.
Section 231: Counterfeiting coins. Whoever counterfeits or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting coin, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation: A person commits this offence who intending to practise deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practised, causes a genuine coin to appear like a different coin. Punishment: 7 years.
Section 232: Counterfeiting Indian coin. Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting 1 [Indian coin], shall be punished with 2 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. 1. Subs., ibid., for 'the Queens coin". 2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Punishment : Life or 10 years.
Section 255: Counterfeiting government stamps. Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting, any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue shall be punished with 1 [imprisonment for life] or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation: A person commits this offence who counterfeits by causing a genuine stamps of one denomination to appear like a genuine stamp of a different denomination. Punishment : Life or 10 years.
Section 258: Sale of counterfeiting govt. stamps. Whoever sells, or offers for sale, any stamp which he knows or has reason to believe to be a counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment : 7 years.
Section 269: Negligent act likely to spread infection of diseases dangerous to life. Whoever unlawfully or negligently does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both. Punishment : 6 months.
Section 274: Adulteration of drugs. Whoever adulterates any drug or medical preparation in such a manner as to lessen the efficacy or change the operation of such drug or medical preparation, or to make it noxious, intending that it shall be sold or used for, or knowing it to be likely that it will be sold or used for, any medicinal purpose, as if it had not undergone such adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both. Punishment : 6 months or 1000/- or both.
Section 295: Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class. Whoever destroys, damages or defiles any place of worship, or any object held sacred by any class of persons with the intention of thereby insulting the religion of any class of persons or with the knowledge that any class of persons is likely to consider such destruction, damage or defilement as an insult to their religion, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment : 2 years.
Section 296: Disturbing religious assembly. Whoever voluntarily causes disturbance to any assembly lawfully engaged in the performance of religious worship, or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both. Punishment : 1 years.
Section 299: Culpable homicide. Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commits the offence of culpable homicide. Punishment: Part-I: life or ten years and fine Part-II: 10 years(sec304).
Section 300: Murder. Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder, if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. If it is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the person to whom the harm is caused. Punishment: Death or life and fine (sec-302).
Section 303: Murder by life convict. Whoever, being under sentence of 1 [imprisonment for life], commits murder, shall be punished with death. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for 'transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Punishment: Death.
Section 304A: Causing death by negligence. Whoever causes the death of any person by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: 2 years.
Section 304B: Dowry death. Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be called "dowry death", and such husband or relative shall be deemed to have caused her death. Punishment: Not less than 7 years may extend to life.
Section 305: Abetment of suicide of child or insane person. If any person under eighteen years of age, any insane person, any delirious person, any idiot, or any person in a state of intoxication, commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with death or 1 [imprisonment for life], or imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Punishment: 10 years and fine.
Section 306: Abetment of suicide. If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: 10 years and fine.
Section 307: Attempt to murder. Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge, and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if hurt is caused to any person by such act, the offender shall be liable either to 1[imprisonment for life], or to such punishment as is hereinbefore mentioned. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Punishment: Part-I: 10 years, Part-II: life or 10 years, Part-III: death or 10 years.
Section 308: Attempt to commit culpable homicide. Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of culpable homicide not amounting to murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if hurt is caused to any person by such act, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: Part-I: 3 years, Part-II: 7 years.
Section 309: Attempt to commit suicide. Whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year 1 [or with fine, or with both.] 1. Subs. by Act 8 of 1882, s. 7, for "and shall also be liable to fine". Punishment: 1 year.
Section 310: Thug. Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall have been habitually associated with any other or others for the purpose of committing robbery or child-stealing by means of or accompanied with murder, is a thug. Punishment: Life and fine(sec-311).
Section 312: Causing miscarriage. Whoever voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry, shall, if such miscarriage be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if the woman be quick with child, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation : A woman who causes herself to miscarry, is within the meaning of this section Punishment : Part-I: 3 years and fine. Part-II:7 years and fine.
Section 313: Miscarriage without the women's consent. Whoever commits the offence defined in the last preceding section without the consent of the woman, whether the woman is quick with child or not, shall be punished with 4 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: Life or 10 years and fine.
Section 321: Voluntarily causing hurt. Whoever does any act with the intention of thereby causing hurt to any person, or with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause hurt to any person, and does thereby cause hurt to any person, is said "voluntarily to cause hurt". Punishment: 1 year or 10,000/- (sec-323).
Section 322: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt. Whoever voluntarily causes hurt, if the hurt which he intends to cause or knows himself to be likely to cause is grievous hurt, and if the hurt which he causes is grievous hurt, is said "voluntarily to cause grievous hurt". Explanation:A person is not said voluntarily to cause grievous hurt except when he both causes grievous hurt and intends or knows himself to be likely to cause grievous hurt. But he is said voluntarily to cause grievous hurt, if intending or knowing himself to be likely to cause grievous hurt of one kind, he actually causes grievous hurt of another kind. Illustration A, intending of knowing himself to be likely permanently to disfigure Z's face, gives Z a blow which does not permanently disfigure Z's face, but which causes Z to suffer severe bodily pain for the space of twenty days. A has voluntarily caused grievous hurt. Punishment: 7 years and fine(sec325).
Section 324: Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons and means. Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 334, voluntarily causes hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or any instrument which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, or by means of fire or any heated substance, or by means of any poison or any corrosive substance, or by means of any explosive substance or by means of any substance which it is deleterious to the human body to inhale, to swallow, or to receive into the blood, or by means of any animal, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: 3 years.
Section 326: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons and means. Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 335, voluntarily causes grievous hurt by means of any instrument for shooting, stabbing or cutting, or any instrument which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, or by means of fire or any heated substance, or by means of any poison or any corrosive substance, or by means of any explosive substance, or by means of any substance which it is deleterious to the human body to inhale, to swallow, or to receive into the blood, or by means of any animal, shall be punished with 1 [imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Punishment: Life or 10 years and fine.
Section 326A: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc. Whoever causes permanent or partial damage or deformity to, or burns or maims or disfigures or disables, any part or parts of the body of a person or causes grievous hurt by throwing acid on or by administering acid to that person, or by using any other means with the intention of causing or with the knowledge that he is likely to cause such injury or hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and with fine: Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses of the treatment of the victim: Provided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim Punishment: Not less than 10 years to life and fine should be paid to victim.
Section 326B: Voluntarily throwing acid or attempt to throw acid. Whoever throws or attempts to throw acid on any person or attempts to administer acid to any person, or attempts to use any other means, with the intention of causing permanent or partial damage or deformity or burns or maiming or disfigurement or disability or grievous hurt to that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than five years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation 1.For the purposes of section 326A and this section, "acid" includes any substance which has acidic or corrosive character or burning nature, that is capable of causing bodily injury leading to scars or disfigurement or temporary or permanent disability. Explanation 2.For the purposes of section 326A and this section, permanent or partial damage or deformity shall not be required to be irreversible.] Punishment: 5 to 7 years and fine.
Section 339: Wrongful restraint. Whoever voluntarily obstructs any person so as to prevent that person from proceeding in any direction in which that person has a right to proceed, is said wrongfully to restrain that person. Exception : The obstruction of a private way over land or water which a person in good faith believes himself to have a lawful right to obstruct, is not an offence within the meaning of this section. Illustration A obstructs a path along which Z has a right to pass, A not believing in good faith that he has a right to stop the path. Z is thereby prevented from passing. A wrongfully restrains Z. Punishment: 1 month or 500/- or both(sec-341).
Section 340: Wrongful confinement. Whoever wrongfully restrains any person in such a manner as to prevent that person from proceedings beyond certain circumscribing limits, is said "wrongfully to confine" that person. Illustrations (a) A causes Z to go within a walled space, and locks ZinZ is thus prevented from proceeding in any direction beyond the circumscribing line of wall. A wrongfully confines Z. (b) A places men with firearms at the outlets of a building, and tells Z that they will fire at Z if Z attempts leave the building. A wrongfully confines Z. Punishment: 1 year or 1000/- or both(sec-342).
Section 352: Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person otherwise than on grave and sudden provocation given by that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both. Explanation : Grave and sudden provocation will not mitigate the punishment for an offence under this section, if the provocation is sought or voluntarily provoked by the offender as an excuse for the offence, or if the provocation is given by anything done in obedience to the law, or by a public servant, in the lawful exercise of the powers of such public servant, or if the provocation is given by anything done in the lawful exercise of the right of private defence. Whether the provocation was grave and sudden enough to mitigate the offence, is a question of fact. Punishment: 3 months or 500/- or both.
Section 353: Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duties. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any person being a public servant in the execution of his duty as such public servant, or with intent to prevent or deter that person from discharging his duty as such public servant,or in consequence of anything done or attempted to be done by such person to the lawful discharge of his duty as such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. STATE AMENDMENT Maharashtra.- Amendment of section 353 of 45 of 1860.In section 353 of the said Code, for the words "two years" the words "five years" shall be substituted. [Vide Maharashtra Act 40 of 2018, sec. 3] Punishment: 2 years.
Section 354: Outrage of modesty. Whoever assaults or uses criminal force to any woman, intending to outrage or knowing it to be likely that he will there by outrage her modesty, 1 [shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine]. STATE AMENDMENT Chhattisgarh.- In Section 354 of the Penal Code, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely: -- Provided that where offence is committed, under this Section by a relative, guardian or teacher or a person in a position of trust or authority towards the person assaulted, he shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than two years but which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine. [Vide Chhattisgarh Act 25 of 2015, sec. 3] 1. Subs. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 6, for "shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both" (w.e.f. 3-2-2013). Punishment: 1 year may extend to 5 years and fine.
Section 357A: Sexual harassment. (1) Aman committing any of the following acts-- (i) physical contact and advances involving unwelcome and explicit sexual overtures; or (ii) a demand or request for sexual favours; or (iii) showing pornography against the will of a woman; or (iv) making sexually coloured remarks,shall be guilty of the offence of sexual harassment. (2) Any man who commits the offence specified in clause (i) or clause (ii) or clause (iii) of sub-section (1) shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. (3) Any man who commits the offence specified in clause (iv) of sub-section (1) shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.] 1. Ins. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 7 (w.e.f. 3-2-2013) Punishment: Physical contact: 3years. Sexually coloured remarks: 1 year.
Section 357B: Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe. Any man who assaults or uses criminal force to any woman or abets such act with the intention of disrobing or compelling her to be naked, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.] Punishment: 3 years may extend to 7 years and fine
Section 357C: Voyeurism. Any man who watches, or captures the image of a woman engaging in a private act in circumstances where she would usually have the expectation of not being observed either by the perpetrator or by any other person at the behest of the perpetrator or disseminates such image shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than one year, but which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine, and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than three years, but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation 1 : For the purpose of this section, "private act" includes an act of watching carried out in a place which, in the circumstances, would reasonably be expected to provide privacy and where the victim's genitals, posterior or breasts are exposed or covered only in underwear; or the victim is using a lavatory; or the victim is doing a sexual act that is not of a kind ordinarily done in public. Explanation 2 : "Where the victim consents to the capture of the images or any act, but not to their dissemination to third persons and where such image or act is disseminated, such dissemination shall be considered an offence under this section.] 1. Ins. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 7 (w.e.f. 3-2-2013) Punishment: Part-I: 1 year to 3 yearand fine Part-II: 3 to 7 years and fine
Section 357D: Stalking. (1) Any man who-- (i) follows a woman and contacts, or attempts to contact such woman to foster personal interaction repeatedly despite a clear indication of disinterest by such woman; or (ii) monitors the use by a woman of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication, commits the offence of stalking: Provided that such conduct shall not amount to stalking if the man who pursued it proves that-- (i) it was pursued for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime and the man accused of stalking had been entrusted with the responsibility of prevention and detection of crime by the State; or (ii) it was pursued under any law or to comply with any condition or requirement imposed by any person under any law; or (iii) in the particular circumstances such conduct was reasonable and justified. (2) Whoever commits the offence of stalking shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine; and be punished on a second or subsequent conviction, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine.] STATE AMENDMENTS Chhattisgarh.-- After Section 354D of the Penal Code, the following shall be inserted, namely: -- Punishment: 3 years and fine for 1st conviction. 5 years for 2nd and subsequent conviction
Section 359: Kidnapping. Kidnapping is of two kinds: kidnapping from 1 [India], and kidnapping from lawful guardianship. 1. The words "British India" have successively been subs. by the A. O. 1948, the A. O. 1950 and Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Sch., to read as above. Punishment: 7 years and fine. (sec363)
Section 363A: Kidnapping or maiming a minor for the purpose of begging. 1[(1) Whoever kidnaps any minor or, not being the lawful guardian of a minor, obtains the custody of the minor, in order that such minor may be employed or used for the purposes of begging shall be punishable with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. (2) Whoever maims any minor in order that such minor may be employed or used for the purposes of begging shall be punishable with imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine. (3) Where any person, not being the lawful guardian of a minor, employs or uses such minor for the purposes of begging, it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that he kidnapped or otherwise obtained the custody of that minor in order that the minor might be employed or used for the purposes of begging. (4) In this section, (a) "begging" means i) soliciting or receiving alms in a public place, whether under the pretence of singing, dancing, fortunetelling, performing tricks or selling articles or otherwise; (ii) entering on any private premises for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms; (iii) exposing or exhibiting, with the object of obtaining or extorting alms, any sore, wound, injury, deformity or disease, whether of himself or of any other person or of an animal; (iv) using a minor as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting or receiving alms; (b) "minor" means (i) in the case of a male, a person under sixteen years of age; and (ii) in the case of a female, a person under eighteen years of age.] 1. Ins. by Act 52 of 1959, s. 2 (w.e.f. 15-1-1960). Punishment: Part-I: 10 years and fine Part-II: life and fine
Section 364: Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder. Whoever kidnaps or abducts any person in order that such person may be murdered or may be so disposed of as to be put in danger of being murdered, shall be punished with 2 [imprisonment for life] or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. IIIustrations (a) A kidnaps Z from 1 [India], intending or knowing it to be likely that Z may be sacrificed to an idol. A has committed the offence defined in this section. (b) A forcibly carries or entices B away from his home in order that B may be murdered. A has committed the offence defined in this section 1. The words "British India" have successively been subs. by the A. O. 1948, the A. O. 1950 and Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Sch., to read as above. 2. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956) Punishment: Life or rigorous imprisonment for 10 years and fine. (sec363)
Section 366A: Procuration of minor girl. Whoever, by any means whatsoever, induces any minor girl under the age of eighteen years to go from any place or to do any act with intent that such girl may be, or knowing that it is likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: 10 years and fine
Section 366B: Importation of girl from foreign country Whoever imports into 1 [India] from any country outside India 5 [or from the State of Jammu and Kashmir] any girl under the age of twenty-one years with intent that she may be, or knowing it to be likely that she will be, forced or seduced to illicit intercourse with another person, 6***shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine.] Punishment: 10 years and fine
Section 370: Trafficking of a person. (1) Whoever, for the purpose of exploitation, (a) recruits, (b) transports, (c) harbours, (d) transfers, or (e) receives, a person or persons, by First.using threats, or Secondly.using force, or any other form of coercion, or Thirdly.by abduction, or Fourthly.by practising fraud, or deception, or Fifthly.by abuse of power, or Sixthly. by inducement, including the giving or receiving of payments or benefits, in order to achieve the consent of any person having control overthe person recruited, transported, harboured, transferred or received,commits the offence of trafficking. Explanation 1.--The expression "exploitation" shall include any act of physical exploitation or any form of sexual exploitation, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the forced removal of organs. Explanation 2.The consent of the victim is immaterial in determination of the offence of trafficking. (2)Whoever commits the offence of trafficking shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. (3) Where the offence involves the trafficking of more than one person, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine. (4) Where the offence involves the trafficking of a minor, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine. (5) Where the offence involves the trafficking of more than one minor, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than fourteen years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine. (6) If a person is convicted of the offence of trafficking of minor on more than one occasion, then such person shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, and shall also be liable to fine. (7) When a public servant or a police officer is involved in the trafficking of any person then, such public servant or police officer shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, and shall also be liable to fine. 1. Subs. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 8, for section 370 (w.e.f. 3-2-2013). Punishment: a)person:7 to 10 years and fine. b)more than one person: 10 years to life and fine. c)minor: 10 years to life and fine. d)more than one minor: 14 years to life and fine. e)person convicted for trafficking of minor more than one time: imprisonment of life that is remainder of his life. f)public servant involved:imprisonment of life that is remainder of his life.
Section 375: Rape. A man is said to commit "rape" if he-- (a) penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or (b) inserts, to any extent, any object or a part of the body, not being the penis, into the vagina, the urethra or anus of a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or (c) manipulates any part of the body of a woman so as to cause penetration into the vagina, urethra, anus or any part of body of such woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person; or (d) applies his mouth to the vagina, anus, urethra of a woman or makes her to do so with him or any other person, under the circumstances falling under any of the following seven descriptions: First.Against her will. Secondly.Without her consent. Thirdly.With her consent, when her consent has been obtained by putting her or any person in whom she is interested, in fear of death or of hurt. Fourthly.With her consent, when the man knows that he is not her husband and that her consent is given because she believes that he is another man to whom she is or believes herself to be lawfully married. Fifthly.With her consent when, at the time of giving such consent, by reason of unsoundness of mind or intoxication or the administration by him personally or through another of any stupefying or unwholesome substance, she is unable to understand the nature and consequences of that to which she gives consent. Sixthly.With or without her consent, when she is under eighteen years of age. Seventhly.When she is unable to communicate consent. Explanation 1.For the purposes of this section, "vagina" shall also include labia majora. Explanation 2.Consent means an unequivocal voluntary agreement when the woman by words, gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal communication, communicates willingness to participate in the specific sexual act: Provided that a woman who does not physically resist to the act of penetration shall not by the reason only of that fact, be regarded as consenting to the sexual activity. Exception 1.A medical procedure or intervention shall not constitute rape. Exception 2.Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape. 1. Subs. by Act 43 of 1983, s. 3, for the heading "Of rape" and ss. 375 and 376. 2. Subs. by Act 13 of 2013, s. 9, for sections 375, 376, 376A, 376B, 376C and 376D (w.e.f. 03-02-2013). Punishment: Rigorous 7 years to life and fine. (sec-376)
Section 376A: Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim. WWhoever, commits an offence punishable under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 376 and in the course of such commission inflicts an injury which causes the death of the woman or causes the woman to be in a persistent vegetative state, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, or with death. STATE AMENDMENT Arunachal Pradesh.-- Insertion of section 376AA.--After section 376A of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:-- "376AA. Punishment for rape on a women up to twelve years of age.--Whoever commits rape on a women up to twelve years of age shall be punished with death, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than fourteen years but which may extend to imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remained of that persons natural life, and shall also be liable to fine.". [Vide Arunachal Pradesh Act 3 of 2019, s. 8] Insertion of section 376DA.--After section 376D of the principal Act, the following section shall be inserted namely:-- "376D.Punishment for gang rape on a woman twelve years of age.--Where a woman up to twelve years of age, is raped by one or more persons constituting a group of action in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed the offence of rape and shall be punished with death, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that persons natural life, and shall also be liable to fine: Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim: Provided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim.".. [Vide Arunachal Pradesh Act 3 of 2019, s. 9] Punishment: Not less than 20 years to life(remainder life)
Section 376B: Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation. Whoever has sexual intercourse with his own wife, who is living separately, whether under a decree of separation or otherwise,without her consent, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than two years but which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.In this section, "sexual intercourse" shall mean any of the acts mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of section 375. Punishment: 2 to 7 years and fine
Section 376C: Sexual intercourse by a person in authority. Whoever, being (a) in a position of authority or in a fiduciary relationship; or (b) a public servant; or (c) superintendent or manager of a jail, remand home or other place of custody established by or under any law for the time being in force, or a women's or children's institution; or (d) on the management of a hospital or being on the staff of a hospital,abuses such position or fiduciary relationship to induce or seduce any woman either in his custody or under his charge or present in the premises to have sexual intercourse with him, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than five years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation 1.In this section, "sexual intercourse" shall mean any of the acts mentioned in clauses (a) to (d) of section 375. Explanation 2.For the purposes of this section, Explanation 1 to section 375 shall also be applicable. Explanation 3."Superintendent", in relation to a jail, remand home or other place of custody or a women's or children's institution, includes a person holding any other office in such jail, remand home, place or institution by virtue of which such person can exercise any authority or control over its inmates. Explanation 4.The expressions "hospital" and "women's or children's institution" shall respectively have the same meaning as in Explanation to sub-section (2) of section 376. Punishment: 5 to 10 years and fine
Section 376D: Gang rape. Where a woman is raped by one or more persons constituting a group or acting in furtherance of a common intention, each of those persons shall be deemed to have committed the offence of rape and shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than twenty years, but which may extend to life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, and with fine: Provided that such fine shall be just and reasonable to meet the medical expenses and rehabilitation of the victim: 1. Ins. by s. 5, ibid., (w.e.f. 21-4-2018). 94 Provided further that any fine imposed under this section shall be paid to the victim Punishment: Not less than 20 years to life(remainder life)
Section 376E: Punishment for repeat offenders. Whoever has been previously convicted of an offence punishable under section 376 or section 376A or 2N[section 376AB or section 376D or section 376DA or section 376DB,] and is subsequently convicted of an offence punishable under any of the said sections shall be punished with imprisonment for life which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life, or with death.]] STATE AMENDMENT Chhattisgarh After Section 376E of the Penal Code, the following shall be inserted, namely: Punishment: life(remainder of his life)
Section 378: Theft. Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person's consent, moves that property in order to such taking, is said to commit theft. Explanation 1.A thing so long as it is attached to the earth, not being movable property, is not the subject of theft; but it becomes capable of being the subject of theft as soon as it is severed from the earth. Explanation 2.A moving effected by the same act which effects the severance may be a theft. Explanation 3.A person is said to cause a thing to move by removing an obstacle which prevented it from moving or by separating it from any other thing, as well as by actually moving it. Explanation 4.A person, who by any means causes an animal to move, is said to move that animal,and to move everything which, in consequence of the motion so caused, is moved by that animal. Explanation 5.The consent mentioned in the definition may be express or implied, and may be given either by the person in possession, or by any person having for that purpose authority either express or implied. Illustrations (a) A cuts down a tree on Z's ground, with the intention of dishonestly taking the tree out of Z's possession without Z's consent.Here, as soon as A has severed the tree in order to such taking, he has committed theft. (b) A puts a bait for dogs in his pocket, and thus induces Z's dog to follow it. Here, if A's intention be dishonestly to take the dog out of Z's possession without Z's consent, A has committed theft as soon as Z's dog has begun to follow A. (c) A meets a bullock carrying a box of treasure. He drives the bullock in a certain direction, in order that he may dishonestly take the treasure. As soon as the bullock begins to move, A has committed theft of the treasure. (d) A being Z's servant, and entrusted by Z with the care of Z's plate, dishonestly runs away with the plate, without Z's consent.A has committed theft. (e) Z, going on a journey, entrusts his plate to A, the keeper of a warehouse, till Z shall return. A carries the plate to a goldsmith and sells it. Here the plate was not in Z's possession. It could not therefore be taken out of Z's possession, and A has not committed theft, though he may have committed criminal breach of trust. (f) A finds a ring belonging to Z on a table in the house which Z occupies. Here the ring is in Z's possession, and if A dishonestly removes it, A commits theft. (g) A finds a ring lying on the highroad, not in the possession of any person. A, by taking it, commits no theft, though he may commit criminal misappropriation of property. (h) A sees a ring belonging to Z lying on a table in Z's house. Not venturing to misappropriate the ring immediately for fear of search and detection, A hides the ring in a place where it is highly improbable that it will ever be found by Z, with the intention of taking the ring from the hiding place and selling it when the loss is forgotten. Here A, at the time of first moving the ring,commits theft. (i) A delivers his watch to Z, a jeweller, to be regulated. Z carries it to his shop. A, not owing to the jeweller any debt for which the jeweller might lawfully detain the watch as a security, enters the shop openly, takes his watch by force out of Z's hand,and carries it away. Here A, though he may have committed criminal trespass and assault, has not committed theft, inasmuch as what he did was not done dishonestly. (j) If A owes money to Z for repairing the watch, and if Z retains the watch lawfully as a security for the debt, and A takes the watch out of Z's possession, with the intention of depriving Z of the property as a security for his debt, he commits theft, inasmuch as he takes it dishonestly. (k) Again, if A, having pawned his watch to Z, takes it out of Z's possession without Z's consent, not having paid what he borrowed on the watch, he commits theft, though the watch is his own property inasmuch as he takes it dishonestly. (l) A takes an article belonging to Z out of Z's possession without Z's consent, with the intention of keeping it until he obtains money from Z as a reward for its restoration. Here A takes dishonestly; A has therefor committed theft. (m) A, being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z's library in Z's absence, and takes away a book without Z's express consent for the purpose merely of reading it, and with the intention of returning it. Here, it is probable that A may have conceived that he had Z's implied consent to use Z's book. If this was A's impression, A has not committed theft. (n) A asks charity from Z's wife. She gives A money, food and clothes, which A knows to belong to Z her husband. Here it is probable that A may conceive that Z's wife is authorised to give away alms. If this was A's impression, A has not committed theft. (o) A is the paramour of Z's wife. She gives a valuable property, which A knows to belong to her husband Z, and to be such property as she has not authority from Z to give. If A takes the property dishonestly, he commits theft. (p) A, in good faith, believing property belonging to Z to be A's own property, takes that property out of B's possession. Here, as A does not take dishonestly, he does not commit theft. Punishment: 3 years(sec-379)
Section 380: Theft in dwelling house, etc. Whoever commits theft in any building, tent or vessel, which building, tent or vessel is used as a human dwelling, or used for the custody of property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liableto fine. Punishment: 7years and fine
Section 383: Extortion. Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property, or valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits "extortion". Illustrations (a) A threatens to publish a defamatory libel concerning Z unless Z gives him money. He thus induces Z to give him money.A has committed extortion. (b) A threatens Z that he will keep Z's child in wrongful confinement, unless Z will sign and deliver to A a promissory note binding Z to pay certain monies to A. Z sings and delivers the note. A has committed extortion. (c) A threatens to send club-men to plough up Z's field unless Z will sign and deliver to B a bond binding Z under a penalty to deliver certain produce to B, and thereby induces Z to sign and deliver the bond. A has committed extortion. (d) A, by putting Z in fear of grievous hurt, dishonestly induces Z to sign or affix his seal to a blank paper and deliver it to A. Z sings and delivers the paper to A. Here, as the paper so signed may be converted into a valuable security. A has committed extortion. Punishment: 3 years (sec-384)
Section 385: Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion. Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts any person in fear, or attempts to put any person in fear, of any injury, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both Punishment: 2 years
Section 386: Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt. Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: 10 years and fine
Section 390: Robbery. In all robbery there is either theft or extortion. When theft is robberyTheft is "robbery" if, in order to the committing of the theft, or in committing the theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the offender, for that end voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death or hurt or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint. When extortion is robberyExtortion is "robbery" if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in the presence of the person put in fear, and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to some other person,and, by so putting in fear, induces the person so put in fear then and there to deliver up the thing extorted. ExplanationThe offender is said to be present if he is sufficiently near to put the other person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint. Illustrations (a) A holds Z down, and fraudulently takes Z's money and jewels from Z's clothes, without Z's consent. Here A has committed theft, and, in order to the committing of that theft, has voluntarily caused wrongful restraint to Z. A has therefore committed robbery. (b) A meets Z on the high road, shows a pistol, and demands Z's purse. Z, in consequence, surrenders his purse. Here A has extorted the purse from Z by putting him in fear of instant hurt, and being at the time of committing the extortion in his presence. A has therefore committed robbery. (c) A meets Z and Z's child on the high road. A takes the child, and threatens to filing it down a precipice, unless Z delivers his purse. Z, in consequence, delivers his purse. Here A has extorted the purse from Z, by causing Z to be in fear of instant hurt to the child who is there present. A has therefore committed robbery on Z. (d) A obtains property from Z by saying "Your child is in the hands of my gang, and will be put to death unless you send us ten thousand rupees". This is extortion, and punishable as such: but it is not robbery, unless Z is put in fear of the instant death of his child. Punishment: Part-I: 10 years and fine Part-II: 14 years and fine(sec-392)
Section 391: Dacoity. When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, or where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit a robbery, and persons present 1.Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five or more, every person so committing, attempting or aiding, is said to commit "dacoity". Punishment: Rigorous 10 years and fine(sec-395)
Section 396: Dacoity with murder. If any one of five or more persons, who are conjointly committing dacoity, commits murder in so committing dacoity, every one of those persons shall be punished with death, or 1 [imprisonment for life], or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: Life or rigorous for 10 years and fine
Section 403: Dishonest misappropriation of property. Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any movable property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Illustrations (a) A takes property belonging to Z out of Z's possession, in good faith believing at the time when he takes it, that the property belongs to himself. A is not guilty of theft; but if A, after discovering his mistake, dishonestly appropriates the property to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under this section. (b) A, being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z's library in Z's absence, and takes away a book without Z's express consent.Here, if A was under the impression that he had Z's implied consent to take the book for the purpose of reading it, A has not committed theft. But, if A afterwards sells the book for his own benefit, he is guilty of an offence under this section. (c) A and B, being, joint owners of a horse, A takes the horse out of B's possession, intending to use it. Here, as A has a right to use the horse, he does not dishonestly misappropriate it. But, if A sells the horse and appropriates the whole proceeds to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under this section. Explanation 1.A dishonest misappropriation for a time only is a misappropriation with the meaning of this section. Illustration A finds a Government promissory note belonging to Z, bearing a blank endorsement. A, knowing that the note belongs to Z, pledges it with a banker as a security or a loan, intending at a future time to restore it to Z. A has committed an offence under this section. Explanation 2.A person who finds property not in the possession of any other person, and takes such property for the purpose of protecting it for, or of restoring it to, the owner, does not take or misappropriate it dishonestly, and is not guilty of an offence; but he is guilty of the offence above defined, if he appropriates it to his own use, when he knows or has the means of discovering the owner, or before he has used reasonable means to discover and give notice to the owner and has kept the property a reasonable time to enable the owner to claim it. What are reasonable means or what is a reasonable time in such a case, is a question of fact.It is not necessary that the finder should know who is the owner of the property, or that any particular person is the owner of it; it is sufficient if, at the time of appropriating it, he does not believe it to be his own property, or in good faith believe that the real owner cannot be found. Illustrations (a) A finds a rupee on the high road, not knowing to whom the rupee belongs, A picks up the rupee. Here A has not committed the offence defined in this section. (b) A finds a letter on the road, containing a bank note. From the direction and contents of the letter he learns to whom the note belongs. He appropriates the note. He is guilty of an offence under this section. (c) A finds a cheque payable to bearer. He can form no conjecture as to the person who has lost the cheque. But the name of the person, who has drawn the cheque, appears. A knows that this person can direct him to the person in whose favour the cheque was drawn. A appropriates the cheque without attempting to discover the owner. He is guilty of an offence under this section. (d) A sees Z drop his purse with money in it. A picks up the purse with the intention of restoring it to Z, but afterwards appropriates it to his own use. A has committed an offence under this section. (e) A finds a purse with money, not knowing to whom it belongs; he afterwards discovers that it belongs to Z, and appropriates it to his own use. A is guilty of an offence under this section. (f) A finds a valuable ring, not knowing to whom it belongs. A sells it immediately without attempting to discover the owner.A is guilty of an offence under this section. Punishment: 2 years and fine
Section 404: Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death. Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use property, knowing that such property was in the possession of a deceased person at the time of that person's decease, and has not since been in the possession of any person legally entitled to such possession, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine, and if the offender at the time of such person's decease was employed by him as a clerk or servant, the imprisonment may extend to seven years. Illustration Z dies in possession of furniture and money. His servant A, before the money comes into the possession of any person entitled to such possession, dishonestly misappropriates it. A has committed the offence defined in this section. Punishment: 3 years and fine Clerk: 7 years and fine
Section 405: Criminal breach of trust. Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property, or dishonestly uses or disposes of that property in violation of any direction of law prescribing the mode in which such trust is to be discharged, or of any legal contract, express or implied, which he has made touching the discharge of such trust, or wilfully suffers any other person so to do, commits "criminal breachof trust". 1[2[Explanation 1].A person, being an employer 3 [of an establishment whether exempted under section 17 of the Employee's Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of 1952) or not] who deducts the employee's contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to a Provident Fund or Family Pension Fund established by any law for the time being in force, shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said law, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.] 4[Explanation 2.A person, being an employer, who deducts the employee's contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to the Employee's State Insurance Fund held and administered by the Employee's State Insurance Corporation established under the Employee's State Insurance Act, 1948(34 of 1948), shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said Act, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.] Illustrations (a) A, being executor to the will of a deceased person, dishonestly disobeys the law which directs him to divide the effects according to the will, and appropriates them to his own use. A has committed criminal breach of trust. (b) A is a warehouse-keeper. Z going on a journey, entrusts his furniture to A, under a contract that it shall be returned on payment of a stipulated sum for warehouse room. A dishonestly sells the goods. A has committed criminal breach of trust. (c) A, residing in Calcutta, is agent for Z, residing at Delhi. There is an express or implied contract between A and Z, that all sums remitted by Z to A shall be invested by A, according to Z's direction. Z remits a lakh of rupees to A, with directions to A to invest the same in Company's paper. A dishonestly disobeys the directions and employs the money in his own business. A has committed criminal breach of trust. (d) But if A, in the last illustration, not dishonestly but in good faith, believing that it will be more for Z's advantage to hold shares in the Bank of Bengal, disobeys Z's directions, and buys shares in the Bank of Bengal, for Z, instead of buying Company's paper, here, thought Z should suffer loss, and should be entitled to bring a civil action against A, on account of that loss, yet A, not having acted dishonestly, has not committed criminal breach of trust. (e) A, a revenue-officer, is entrusted with public money and is either directed by law, or bound by a contract, express or implied, with the Government, to pay into a certain treasury all the public money which he holds. A dishonestly appropriates the money. A has committed criminal breach of trust. (f) A, a carrier, is entrusted by Z with property to be carried by land or by water. A dishonestly misappropriates the property.A has committed criminal breach of trust. Punishment: 3 years and fine(sec406)
Section 407: Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc. Whoever, being entrusted with property as a carrier,wharfinger or warehouse-keeper, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of such property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: 7 years and fine
Section 408: Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant. Whoever, being a clerk or servant or employed as a clerk or servant, and being in any manner entrusted in such capacity with property, or with any dominion over property, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. 1. Ins. by Act 40 of 1973, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-11-1973). 2. Explanation numbered as Explanation 1 by Act 38 of 1975, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-9-1975). 3. Ins. by Act 33 of 1988, s. 27 (w.e.f. 1-8-1988). 4. Ins. by Act 38 of 1975, s. 9 (w.e.f. 1-9-1975). Punishment: 7 years and fine
Section 410: Stolen property. Property, the possession whereof has been transferred by theft, or by extortion,or by robbery, and property which has been criminally misappropriated or in respect of which2*3*criminal breach of trust has been committed, is designated as "stolen property",4[whether the transfer has been made, or the misappropriation or breach of trust has been committed, within or without 5[India]]. But, if such property subsequently comes into the possession of a person legally entitled to the possession thereof, it then ceases to be stolen property. Punishment: 3 years. (sec-411)
Section 415: Cheating. Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces the person so deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to consent that any person shall retain any property, or intentionally induces the person so deceived to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and which act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property, is said to "cheat". Explanation.A dishonest concealment of facts is a deception within the meaning of this section. Illustrations (a) A, by falsely pretending to be in the Civil Service, intentionally deceives Z, and thus dishonestly induces Z to let him have on credit goods for which he does not mean to pay. A cheats. (b) A, by putting a counterfeit mark on an article, intentionally deceives Z into a belief that this article was made by a certain celebrated manufacturer, and thus dishonestly induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). 2. The word "the" rep by Act 12 of 1891, s. 2 and the First Sch. 3. The words "offence of" rep by Act 8 of1882, s. 9. 4. Ins. by s. 9, ibid. 5. The words "British India" have successively been subs. by the A. O. 1948, the A. O. 1950 and Act 3 of 1951, s. 3 and the Sch.,to read as above. 6. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). (c) A, by exhibiting to Z a false sample of an article intentionally deceives Z into believing that the article corresponds with the sample, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats. (d) A, by tendering in payment for an article a bill on a house with which A keeps no money, and by which A expects that the bill will be dishonoured, intentionally deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to deliver the article, intending not to pay for it. A cheats. (e) A, by pledging as diamond articles which he knows are not diamonds, intentionally deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend money. A cheats. (f) A Intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to repay any money that Z may lend to him and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend him money, A not intending to repay it. A cheats. (g) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to deliver to Z a certain quantity of indigo plant which he does not intend to deliver, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to advance money upon the faith of such delivery. A cheats; but if A, at the time of obtaining the money, intends to deliver the indigo plant, and afterwards breaks his contract and does not deliver it, he does not cheat, but is liable only to a civil action for breach of contract. (h) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A has performed A's part of a contract made with Z, which he has not performed, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to pay money. A cheats. (i) A sells and conveys an estate to B. A, knowing that in consequence of such sale he has no right to the property, sells or mortgages the same to Z, without disclosing the fact of the previous sale and conveyance to B, and receives the purchase or mortgage money from Z. A cheats. Punishment: 1 year. (sec-417)
Section 416: Cheating by personation. A person is said to "cheat by personation" if he cheats by pretending to be some other person, or by knowingly substituting one person for or another, or representing that he or any other person is a person other than he or such other person really is. Explanation:The offence is committed whether the individual personated is a real or imaginary person. Illustrations (a) A cheats by pretending to be a certain rich banker of the same name. A cheats by personation. (b) A cheats by pretending to be B, a person who is deceased. A cheats by personation Punishment: 3 years.(419)
Section 425: Mischief. Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to the public or to any person, causes the destruction of any property, or any such change in any property or in the situation thereof as destroys or diminishes its value or utility, or affects it injuriously,commits "mischief". Explanation 1:t is not essential to the offence of mischief that the offender should intend to cause loss or damage to the owner of the property injured or destroyed. It is sufficient if he intends to cause, or knows that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to any person by injuring any property, whether it belongs to that person or not. Explanation 2.Mischief may be committed by an act affecting property belonging to the person who commits the act, or to that person and others jointly. Illustrations (a) A voluntarily burns a valuable security belonging to Z intending to cause wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief. (b) A introduces water in to an ice-house belonging to Z and thus causes the ice to melt, intending wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief. (c) A voluntarily throws into a river a ring belonging to Z, with the intention of thereby causing wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief. (d) A, knowing that his effects are about to be taken in execution in order to satisfy a debt due from him to Z, destroys those effects, with the intention of thereby preventing Z from obtaining satisfaction of the debt, and of thus causing damage to Z. A has committed mischief. (e) A having insured a ship, voluntarily causes the same to be cast away, with the intention of causing damage to the underwriters. A has committed mischief. (f) A causes a ship to be cast away, intending thereby to cause damage to Z who has lent money on bottomry on the ship. A has committed mischief. (g) A, having joint property with Z in a horse, shoots the horse, intending thereby to cause wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief. (h) A causes cattle to enter upon a field belonging to Z, intending to cause and knowing that he is likely to cause damage to Z's crop. A has committed mischief. Punishment: a)causing damage to an amount of Rs.50/-:2 years(sec-427). b)causing death of animal or maiming it worth of Rs.10/-: 2 years(sec-428). c)causing death of cattle of Rs.50/-: 5 years(sec-429). d)injury to irrigation by diverting water: 5 years(sec-430) e)damage to public road and bridge, river and canal: 5 years(sec-431). f)destruction or moving a land mark fixed by public authority: 1 year(sec434)
Section 441: Criminal trespass. Whoever enters into or upon property in possession of another with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property? Or having lawfully entered into or upon such property, unlawfully remains there with intent thereby to intimidate, insult or annoy any such person or with intent to commit an offence. Or having lawfully entered into or upon such property, remains there with the intention of taking unauthorized possession or making unauthorized use of such property and fails to withdraw from such roperty or its possession or use, when called upon to do so by that another person by notice in writing, duly served on him, Is said to commit criminal trespass. [Vide Orissa Act 22 of 1986, s. 2] Punishment: 3 months or 500 or both(sec-447)
Section 442: House trespass. Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit "house-trespass". Explanation:The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser's body is entering sufficient to constitute house-trespass. Punishment: 1 year or 1000 or both(sec-448)
Section 443: Lurking of house trespass. Whoever commits house-trespass having taken precautions to conceal such house-trespass from some person who has a right to exclude or eject the trespasser from the building, tent or vessel which is the subject of the trespass, is said to commit "lurking house-trespass". Punishment: 2 years and fine. (sec453)
Section 444: Lurking of house trespass at night. Whoever commits lurking house-trespass after sunset and before sunrise, is said to commit "lurking house-trespass by night". Punishment: 3 years and fine. (sec456)
Section 445: House breaking. A person is said to commit "house-breaking" who commits house-trespass if he effects his entrance into the house or any part of it in any of the six ways hereinafter described; or if, being in the house or any part of it for the purpose of committing an offence, or having committed an offence therein, he quits the house or any part of it in any of such six ways, that is to say: First:If he enters or quits through a passage made by himself, or by any abettor of the house-trespass,in order to the committing of the house-trespass. Secondly:If he enters or quits through any passage not intended by any person, other than himself or an abettor of the offence, for human entrance; or through any passage to which he has obtained access by scaling or climbing over any wall or building. Thirdly:If he enters or quits through any passage which he or any abettor of the house-trespass has opened, in order to the committing of the house-trespass by any means by which that passage was not intended by the occupier of the house to be opened. Fourthly:If he enters or quits by opening any lock in order to the committing of the house-trespass,or in order to the quitting of the house after a house-trespass. Fifthly:If he effects his entrance or departure by using criminal force or committing an assault, or by threatening any person with assault. Sixthly:If he enters or quits by any passage which he knows to have been fastened against such entrance or departure, and to have been unfastened by himself or by an abettor of the house-trespass. Explanation:Any out-house or building occupied with a house, and between which and such house there is an immediate internal communication, is part of the house within the meaning of this section. Illustrations (a) A commits house-trespass by making a hole through the wall of Z's house, and putting his hand through the aperture. This is house- breaking. (b) A commits house-trespass by creeping into a ship at a port- hole between decks. This is house-breaking. (c) A commits house-trespass by entering Z's house through a window. This is house-breaking. (d) A commits house-trespass by entering Z's house through the door, having opened a door which was fastened. This is housebreaking. (e) A commits house-trespass by entering Z's house through the door, having lifted a latch by putting a wire through a hole in the door. This is house-breaking. (f) A finds the key of Z's house door, which Z had lost, and commits house-trespass by entering Z's house, having opened the door with that key. This is house-breaking. (g) Z is standing in his doorway. A forces a passage by knocking Z down, and commits house-trespass by entering the house.This is house-breaking. (h) Z, the door-keeper of Y, is standing in Y's doorway. A commits house-trespass by entering the house, having deterred Z from opposing him by threatening to beat him. This is house-breaking. Punishment: 2 years and fine. (sec453)
Section 446: House breaking at night. Whoever commits house-breaking after sunset and before sunrise, is said to commit "house-breaking by night". Punishment: 3 years and fine. (sec456)
Section 463: Forgery. 2[Whoever makes any false document or false electronic record or part of a document or electronic record, with intent to cause damage or injury], to the public or to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any person to part with property, or to enter into any express or implied contract,or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be committed, commits forgery. Punishment: 2 years(sec-465). a)forging of court document: 7 years and fine(sec-466). b)forgery of valuable security and wills: life or 10 years(sec-467). c) forgery harming reputation: 7 years and fine(sec-468)
Section 493: Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage. Every man who by deceit causes any woman who is not lawfully married to him to believe that she is lawfully married to him and to cohabit or have sexual intercourse with him in that belief, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: 10 years
Section 494: Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife. Whoever, having a husband or wife living, marries in any case in which such marriage is void by reason of its taking place during the life of such husband or wife, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Exception:This section does not extend to any person whose marriage with such husband or wife has been declared void by a Court of competent jurisdiction, 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). 2. Ins. by Act 6 of 1943, s. 2. nor to any person who contracts a marriage during the life of a former husband or wife, if such husband or wife, at the time of the subsequent marriage, shall have been continually absent from such person for the space of seven years, and shall not have been heard of by such person as being alive within that time provided the person contracting such subsequent marriage shall, before such marriage takes place, inform the person with whom such marriage is contracted of the real state of facts so far as the same are within his or her knowledge Punishment: 7 years and fine
Section 495: Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted. Whoever commits the offence defined in the last preceding section having concealed from the person with whom the subsequent marriage is contracted, the fact of the former marriage, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Punishment: 10 years and fine
Section 498: Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman. Whoever takes or entices away any woman who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of any other man, from that man, or from any person having the care of her on behalf of that man, with intent that she may have illicit intercourse with any person, or conceals or detains with that intent any such woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: 2 years
Section 498A: Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty. Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation:For the purposes of this section, "cruelty" means (a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or (b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand.] Punishment: 3 years and fine
Section 499: Defamation. Whoever, by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation will harm, the reputation of such person, is said, except in the cases hereinafter excepted, to defame that person. Explanation1:It may amount to defamation to impute anything to a deceased person, if the imputation would harm the reputation of that person if living, and is intended to be hurtful to the fellings of his family or other near relatives. 1. Ins. by Act 46 of 1983, s. 2. Explanation 2:It may amount to defamation to make an imputation concerning a company or an association or collection of persons as such. Explanation 3:An imputation in the form of an alternative or expressed ironically, may amount to defamation. Explanation 4:No imputation is said to harm a person's reputation, unless that imputation directly or indirectly, in the estimation of others, lowers the moral or intellectual character of that person, or lowers the character of that person in respect of his caste or of his calling, or lowers the credit of that person, or causes it to be believed that the body of that person is in a lothsome state, or in a state generally considered as disgraceful. Illustrations (a) A says"Z is an honest man; he never stole B's watch"; intending to cause it to be believed that Z did steal B's watch.This is defamation, unless it fall within one of the exceptions. (b) A is asked who stole B's watch. A points to Z, intending to cause it to be believed that Z stole B's watch. This is defamation,unless it fall within one of the exceptions. (c) A draws a picture of Z running away with B's watch, intending it to be believed that Z stole B's watch. This is defamation,unless it fall within one of the exceptions. First Exception:Imputation of truth which public good requires to be made or published.It is not defamation to impute anything which is true concerning any person, if it be for the public good that the imputation should be made or published. Whether or not it is for the public good is a question of fact. Second Exception:Public conduct of public servants.It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion whatever respecting the conduct of a public servant in the discharge of his public functions, or respecting his character, so far as his character appears in that conduct, and no further. Third Exception:Conduct of any person touching any public question.It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion whatever respecting the conduct of any person touching any public question, and respecting his character, so far as his character appears in that conduct, and no further. Illustration It is not defamation in A to express in good faith any opinion whatever resepting Z's conduct in petitioning Government on a public question, in signing a requisition for a meeting on a public question, in presiding or attending at such meeting, in forming or joining any society which invites the public support, in voting or canvassing for a particular candidate for any situation in the efficient discharge of the duties of which the public is interested. Fourth Exception:Publication of reports of proceedings of courts.It is not defamation to publish substantially true report of the proceedings of a Court of Justice, or of the result of any such proceedings. Explanation:A Justice of the Peace or other officer holding an enquiry in open Court preliminary to a trial in a Court of Justice, is a Court within the meaning of the above section. Fifth Exception:Merits of case decided in Court or conduct of witnesses and others concerned.It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion whatever respecting the merits of any case, civil or criminal, which has been decided by a Court of Justice, or respecting the conduct of any person as a party, witness or agent, in any such case, or respecting the character of such person, as far as his character appears in that conduct, and no further. Illustrations (a) A says"I think Z's evidence on that trial is so contradictory that he must be stupid or dishonest." A is within this exception if he says this in good faith, inasmuch as the opinion which he expresses respects Z's character as it appears in Z's conduct as a witness, and no farther. (b) But if A says"I do not believe what Z asserted at that trial because I know him to be a man without veracity"; A is not within this exception, inasmuch as the opinion which express of Z's character, is an opinion not founded on Z's conduct as a witness. Sixth Exception:Merits of public performance.It is not defamation to express in good faith any opinion respecting the merits of any performance which its author has submitted to the judgment of the public, or respecting the character of the author so far as his character appears in such performance, and no further. Explanation:A performance may be submitted to the judgment of the public expressly or by acts on the part of the author which imply such submission to the judgment of the public. Illustrations (a) A person who publishes a book, submits that book to the judgment of the public. (b) A person who makes a speech in public, submits that speech to the judgment of the public. (c) An actor or singer who appears on a public stage, submits his acting or singing to the judgment of the public. (d) A says of a book published by Z"Z's book is foolish; Z must be a weak man. Z's book is indecent; Z must be a man of impure mind." A is within the exception, if he says this in good faith, inasmuch as the opinion which he expresses of Z respects Z's character only so far as it appears in Z's book, and no further. (e) But if A says "I am not surprised that Z's book is foolish and indecent, for he is a weak man and a libertine." A is not within this exception, inasmuch as the opinion which he expresses of Z's character is an opinion not founded on Z's book. Seventh Exception.Censure passed in good faith by person having lawful authority over another.It is not defamation in a person having over another any authority, either conferred by law or arising out of a lawful contract made with that other, to pass in good faith any censure on the conduct of that other in matters to which such lawful authority relates. Illustration AJudge censuring in good faith the conduct of a witness, or of an officer of the Court; a head of a department censuring in good faith those who are under his orders, a parent censuring in good faith a child in the presence of other children; a schoolmaster, whose authority is derived from a parent, censuring in good faith a pupil in the presence of other pupils; a master censuring a servant in good faith for remissness in service; a banker censuring in good faith the cashier of his bank for the conduct of such cashier as such cashier- are within this exception. Eighth Exception:Accusation preferred in good faith to authorised person.It is not defamation to prefer in good faith an accusation against any person to any of those who have lawful authority over that person with respect to the subject-matter of accusation. Illustration If A in good faith accuses Z before a Magistrate; if A in good faith complains of the conduct of Z, a servant, to Z's master; if A in good faith complains of the conduct of Z, a child, to Z's father-A is within this exception. Ninth Exception:Imputation made in good faith by person for protection of his or other's interests.It is not defamation to make an imputation on the character of another provided that the imputation be made in good faith for the protection of the interests of the person making it, or of any other person, or for the public good. Illustrations (a) A, a shopkeeper, says to B, who manages his business"Sell nothing to Z unless he pays you ready money, for I have no opinion of his honesty." A is within the exception, if he has made this imputation on Z in good faith for the protection of his own interests. (b) A, a Magistrate, in making a report to his own superior officer, casts an imputation on the character of Z. Here, if the imputation is made in good faith, and for the public good, A is within the exception. Tenth Exception:Caution intended for good of person to whom conveyed or for public good.It is not defamation to convey a caution, in good faith, to one person against another, provided that such caution be intended for the good of the person to whom it is conveyed, or of some person in whom that person is interested, or for the public good. Punishment: 2 years(sec-500)
Section 501: Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory. Whoever prints or engraves any matter, knowing or having good reason to believe that such matter is defamatory of any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. Punishment: 2 years
Section 503: Criminal intimidation. Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause alarm to that person, or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do any act which that person is legally entitled to do, as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat,commits criminal intimidation. Explanation:A threat to injure the reputation of any deceased person in whom the person threatened is interested, is within this section. Illustration A, for the purpose of inducing B to resist from prosecuting a civil suit, threatens to burn B's house. A is guilty of criminal intimidation Punishment: Part-I:2 years Part-II: 7 years(sec506).
Section 511: Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment. Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by this Code with 1[imprisonment for life] or imprisonment, or to cause such an offence to be committed, and in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall, where no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such attempt, be punished with 2[imprisonment of any description provided for the offence, for a term which may extend to one-half of the imprisonment for life or, as the case may be, onehalf of the longest term of imprisonment provided for that offence], or with such fine as is provided for the offence, or with both. Illustrations (a) A makes an attempt to steal some jewels by breaking open a box, and finds after so opening the box, that there is no jewel in it. He has done an act towards the commission of theft, and therefore is guilty under this section. (b) A makes an attempt to pick the pocket of Z by thrusting his hand into Z's pocket. A fails in the attempt in consequence of Z's having nothing in his pocket. A is guilty under this section. 1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, s. 117 and the Sch., for "transportation" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). 2. Subs. by s. 117 and the Sch., ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). Punishment: Not exceeding half punishment for that offence.

IPC Sections

IPC Sections

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law.

The Indian Penal Code, 1860. IPC Sections Pdf

Section 107: Abetment of a thing. Read More

Section 120A: Definition of criminal conspiracy. Read More

Section 121: Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India. Read More

Section 121A: Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121 Read More

Section 122: Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India. Read More

Section 123: Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war. Read More

Section 124A: Sedition. Read More

Section 141: Unlawful assembly. Read More

Section 146: Rioting. Read More

Section 148: Rioting, armed with deadly weapon. Read More

Section 159: Affray. Read More

Section 191: Giving false evidence. Read More

Section 231: Counterfeiting coins. Read More

Section 232: Counterfeiting Indian coin. Read More

Section 255: Counterfeiting government stamps. Read More

Section 258: Sale of counterfeiting govt. stamps. Read More

Section 269: Negligent act likely to spread infection of diseases dangerous to life. Read More

Section 274: Adulteration of drugs. Read More

Section 295: Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class. Read More

Section 296: Disturbing religious assembly. Read More

Section 299: Culpable homicide. Read More

Section 300: Murder. Read More

Section 303: Murder by life convict. Read More

Section 304A: Causing death by negligence. Read More

Section 304B: Dowry death. Read More

Section 305: Abetment of suicide of child or insane person. Read More

Section 306: Abetment of suicide. Read More

Section 307: Attempt to murder. Read More

Section 308: Attempt to commit culpable homicide. Read More

Section 309: Attempt to commit suicide. Read More

Section 310: Thug. Read More

Section 312: Causing miscarriage. Read More

Section 313: Miscarriage without the women's consent. Read More

Section 321: Voluntarily causing hurt. Read More

Section 322: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt. Read More

Section 324: Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons and means. Read More

Section 326: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons and means. Read More

Section 326A: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc. Read More

Section 326B: Voluntarily throwing acid or attempt to throw acid. Read More

Section 339: Wrongful restraint. Read More

Section 340: Wrongful confinement. Read More

Section 352: Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation. Read More

Section 353: Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duties. Read More

Section 354: Outrage of modesty. Read More

Section 357A: Sexual harassment. Read More

Section 357B: Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe. Read More

Section 357C: Voyeurism. Read More

Section 357D: Stalking. Read More

Section 359: Kidnapping. Read More

Section 363A: Kidnapping or maiming a minor for the purpose of begging. Read More

Section 364: Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder. Read More

Section 366A: Procuration of minor girl. Read More

Section 366B: Importation of girl from foreign country Read More

Section 370: Trafficking of a person. Read More

Section 375: Rape. Read More

Section 376A: Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim. Read More

Section 376B: Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation. Read More

Section 376C: Sexual intercourse by a person in authority. Read More

Section 376D: Gang rape. Read More

Section 376E: Punishment for repeat offenders. Read More

Section 378: Theft. Read More

Section 380: Theft in dwelling house, etc. Read More

Section 383: Extortion. Read More

Section 385: Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion. Read More

Section 386: Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt. Read More

Section 390: Robbery. Read More

Section 391: Dacoity. Read More

Section 396: Dacoity with murder. Read More

Section 403: Dishonest misappropriation of property. Read More

Section 404: Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death. Read More

Section 405: Criminal breach of trust. Read More

Section 407: Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc. Read More

Section 408: Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant. Read More

Section 410: Stolen property. Read More

Section 415: Cheating. Read More

Section 416: Cheating by personation. Read More

Section 107: Abetment of a thing.

Section 120A: Definition of criminal conspiracy.

Section 121: Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against
the Government of India.

Section 121A: Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121

Section 122: Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India.

Section 123: Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.

Section 124A: Sedition.

Section 141: Unlawful assembly.

Section 146: Rioting.

Section 148: Rioting, armed with deadly weapon.

Section 159: Affray.

Section 191: Giving false evidence.

Section 231: Counterfeiting coins.

Section 232: Counterfeiting Indian coin.

Section 255: Counterfeiting government stamps.

Section 258: Sale of counterfeiting govt. stamps.

Section 269: Negligent act likely to spread infection of diseases dangerous to life.

Section 274: Adulteration of drugs.

Section 295: Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class.

Section 296: Disturbing religious assembly.

Section 299: Culpable homicide.

Section 300: Murder.

Section 303: Murder by life convict.

Section 304A: Causing death by negligence.

Section 304B: Dowry death.

Section 305: Abetment of suicide of child or insane person.

Section 306: Abetment of suicide.

Section 307: Attempt to murder.

Section 308: Attempt to commit culpable homicide.

Section 309: Attempt to commit suicide.

Section 310: Thug.

Section 312: Causing miscarriage.

Section 313: Miscarriage without the women's consent.

Section 321: Voluntarily causing hurt.

Section 322: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.

Section 324: Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons and means.

Section 326: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons and means.

Section 326A: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.

Section 326B: Voluntarily throwing acid or attempt to throw acid.

Section 339: Wrongful restraint.

Section 340: Wrongful confinement.

Section 352: Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.

Section 353: Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duties.

Section 354: Outrage of modesty.

Section 357A: Sexual harassment.

Section 357B: Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.

Section 357C: Voyeurism.

Section 357D: Stalking.

Section 359: Kidnapping.

Section 363A: Kidnapping or maiming a minor for the purpose of begging.

Section 364: Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder.

Section 366A: Procuration of minor girl.

Section 366B: Importation of girl from foreign country

Section 370: Trafficking of a person.

Section 375: Rape.

Section 376A: Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.

Section 376B: Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.

Section 376C: Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.

Section 376D: Gang rape.

Section 376E: Punishment for repeat offenders.

Section 378: Theft.

Section 380: Theft in dwelling house, etc.

Section 383: Extortion.

Section 385: Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion.

Section 386: Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt.

Section 390: Robbery.

Section 391: Dacoity.

Section 396: Dacoity with murder.

Section 403: Dishonest misappropriation of property.

Section 404: Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at
the time of his death.

Section 405: Criminal breach of trust.

Section 407: Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.

Section 408: Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant.

Section 410: Stolen property.

Section 415: Cheating.

Section 416: Cheating by personation.

Section 425: Mischief.

Section 441: Criminal trespass.

Section 442: House trespass.

Section 443: Lurking of house trespass.